Question

Differentiate between:

a. Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system

b. Oviparous and viviparous characteristic

c. Direct development and Indirect development

Answer 1

a. Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system

Criteria	Open circulatory system	Closed circulatory system
Route of blood flow	Sinuses	Blood vessels
Exchange of material	Directly	Through capillaries
Transport of gases	Does not take place through hemolymph	Takes place through blood
Examples	Present in arthropods, molluscs	Present in annelids, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

b. Oviparous and viviparous characteristic

Criteria	Oviparous	Viviparous
Nature of birth	Lays eggs	Birth to young ones
Development	Usually in external environment	Inside mother’s body
Nourishment	Egg yolk provides nourishment	Nourishment from mother’s body
Survival rate	Low	High

c. Direct development and Indirect development

Criteria	Indirect development	Direct development
Definition	Development in which organisms do not develop into an adult directly from an embryo, rather follow larval stages and perform metamorphosis to get into the adult stage	Development of an adult from embryo without any intervening larval stages
Presence of larval stages	It involves one/ multiple sexually immature larval stages	It does not involve intervening larval stages
Metamorphosis	Metamorphosis is present	Metamorphosis is absent
Examples	Most of the invertebrates and amphibians show indirect development	Direct development occurs usually in fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals