Differentiate between:-

Fractional distillation & distillation

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Solution

Both the techniques are used to separate the mixture of liquids based on their boiling points. Both the process use much of the same equipment and principles to separate mixtures, but the fractional method also uses a fractionating column.Difference between the simple distillation and fractional distillation is tabulated below.

Simple distillation Fractional distillation

Simple distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture having large differences (more than 25°C). Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, usually within 77°F (25°C).

No fractionating columns used as the difference in the boiling point of mixture is large Fractionating columns used to separate the mixtures.

E.g. Process used in separating kerosene and petrol E.g. Process used in the separation of Crude Oil into useful fractions

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Difference between fractional distillation and distillation

The various compounds present in coal tar are separated by the process of :

(a) simple distillation

(b) destructive distillation

(d) fractional crystallisation

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Simple distillation	Fractional distillation
Simple distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture having large differences (more than 25°C).	Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, usually within 77°F (25°C).
No fractionating columns used as the difference in the boiling point of mixture is large	Fractionating columns used to separate the mixtures.
E.g. Process used in separating kerosene and petrol	E.g. Process used in the separation of Crude Oil into useful fractions