Question

Differentiate between hard and soft water, and temporary and permanent hard water with suitable examples.

Answer 1

Hard Water	Soft Water
Hard water does not leather readily with soap and soap is wasted.	Soft water form leather easily with soap.
Unfit for consumption of humans and Animals.	Fit for consumption of humans and Animals.
The presence of sulfates, carbonates, and bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium makes water hard.	It contains lower concentrations of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. It contains sodium ions.
Hard water is harmful to machines, boilers, human health, and marine animals as well. It causes corrosion and scaling.	Soft water is not harmful to machines, boilers, human health, and marine animals as well. It does not cause corrosion and scaling.
It is formed when water flows through limestone and chalk and other rocks.	Rainwater is generally soft water. Apart from this soft water can be produced by passing hard water over an ion exchange resin.
It causes adverse effects on skin and hair.	It doesn’t cause any adverse effects on skin and hair.

Temporary hard water	Permanent hard water
It contains bicarbonate of calcium and magnesium.$\mathrm{Ca}{\left({\mathrm{HCO}}_3\right)}_2,\mathrm{Mg}{\left({\mathrm{HCO}}_3\right)}_2$	It contains sulfate and chloride of calcium and magnesium.${\mathrm{CaSO}}_4,{\mathrm{MgSO}}_4,{\mathrm{CaCl}}_2,{\mathrm{MgCl}}_2$
Hardness can be removed by boiling water	Hardness cannot be removed by boiling water
Hardness can be removed by Adding Washing Soda.	Hardness can be removed by Adding Washing Soda.