Question

Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs by giving examples.

Answer 1

Homologous organs:

The homologous organs have a similar structure, however, they perform different functions.

Analogous organs:

The analogous organs have similar functions and appearance, however, they have a difference in their structure.

The differences between homologous organs and analogous organs are described in the following table:

Homologous organs	Analogous organs
These organs possess similar structures and perform different functions.	These organs perform the same functions and have the same appearance, but they differ in structures.
They are present in related species and develop from the same ancestor.	They are present in unrelated species and are not developed from their ancestors.
They are formed because of the adaptation in a different environment.	They are formed because of an adaptation in same environments.
Example: The forelimbs of a man are used for grasping, whereas, the forelimbs of birds are modified for flying.	Example: The wings of birds and bats are analogous organs because both are used for flying but have different structures.