Differentiate between solids, liquids and gases: On the basis of molecular motion

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Solution

Types of molecular motion:
1. Translational: Movement of particles from one point to another in a straight line.
2. Rotational: Movement of particles in a circular path.
3. Vibrational: Movement of particle back and forth at its mean position.

Difference between solid, liquid, and gas on the basis of types of molecular motion:
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
1. Particles have a strong intermolecular force of attraction. 1. Particles have a less intermolecular force of attraction as compared to solids. 1. Particles have a very less intermolecular force of attraction as compared to solids and liquids.
2. Due to the strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles there is a lesser number of collisions of particles. 2. Due to moderate intermolecular force of attraction between particles there are more collisions between particles as compared to solids. 2. Due to the weak intermolecular force of attraction between particles there is more number of collisions between particles as well as with the wall of the container as compared to solids and liquids.
3. In solids there is only vibrational motion. 3. In liquids there is the vibrational, translational, and rotational motion. 3. In gases there is vibrational, translational, and rotational motion.
4. Due to strong intermolecular force of attraction between particles and only vibrational motion their kinetic energy is less. 4. Due to moderate intermolecular force of attraction between particles their kinetic energy is more than that of solids. 4. Due to weak intermolecular force of attraction between particles their kinetic energy is more than that of solids and liquids.
5. Example: Sugar crystals 5. Example: Alcohol 5. Example: Nitrogen gas

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