Differentiate between the following.
Carbon dioxide and Carbon monoxide

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Solution

Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide
Carbon atoms attached to two oxygen atoms Carbon atoms attached to one oxygen atom
Molecular formula ${CO}_{2}$ Molecular formula $CO$
Naturally occurs in the atmosphere Does not naturally occur in the atmosphere
Naturally produced through respiration (humans and animals), chemical reactions, combustion of fuels, fermentation Produced due to incomplete combustion of fossils, coal, oil, and natural gas
toxic if exceeds the limit extremely toxic and fatal(Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs as carbon monoxide mixes and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). When carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, less oxygen gets transported to body tissues and vital organs such as the brain and heart.)
Non-flammable gas flammable gas
covalent bonding co-ordinate covalent bonding

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Carbon dioxide	Carbon monoxide
Carbon atoms attached to two oxygen atoms	Carbon atoms attached to one oxygen atom
Molecular formula ${CO}_{2}$	Molecular formula $CO$
Naturally occurs in the atmosphere	Does not naturally occur in the atmosphere
Naturally produced through respiration (humans and animals), chemical reactions, combustion of fuels, fermentation	Produced due to incomplete combustion of fossils, coal, oil, and natural gas
toxic if exceeds the limit	extremely toxic and fatal(Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs as carbon monoxide mixes and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). When carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, less oxygen gets transported to body tissues and vital organs such as the brain and heart.)
Non-flammable gas	flammable gas
covalent bonding	co-ordinate covalent bonding