Question

Differentiate between the following pairs of terms :
(a) Protoplasm and cytoplasm
(b) Nucleolus and nucleus
(c) Centrosome and chromosome
(d) Cell wall and cell membrane
(e) Plant cell and animal cell
(f) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

(a) Protoplasm and cytoplasm - Protoplasm is the content of the cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm and the cell nucleus whereas cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance surrounding the nucleus within the cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains the cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes etc.

(b) Nucleolus and nucleus - The nucleolus is a structure found in the nucleus of cells and it forms around specific chromosomal regions in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is made up of proteins and ribonucleic acids. The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

(c) Centrosome and chromosome - Centrosome is an organelle in the cell which is responsible in the division of cells. While chromosomes are highly condensed coiled chromatin fibers that is present inside the nucleus.

(d) Cell wall and cell membrane - Cell wall is found only in plant cells and is made up of cellulose whereas cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells and is made up of lipids and proteins.

(e) Plant cell and animal cell - Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate glycogen. Plant cells store energy as starch.

(f) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.