Question

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in bracket.

Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (reason/cause).

Answer 1

1. Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the hyposecretion of insulin and there are two types of diabetes mellitus, namely type 1 and type 2.
2. Diabetes insipidus is a disease caused by the insufficiency of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) which also results in polyurea.

Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes insipidus
1. Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency of insulin hormone.	1. Diabetes insipidus is caused due to hyposecretion of ADH or vasopressin hormone.
2. It involves increased blood glucose level, glucose in the urine, excessive urination, thirst, and appetite.	2. It involves the secretion of a large amount of diluted glucose-free urine, dehydration, and excessive thirst.
3. There is an increase in blood glucose levels.	3. There is a normal level of blood glucose.
4. Cholesterol level increases in the blood and there are ketone bodies in blood and urine.	4. Cholesterol level remains the same in the blood and there are no ketone bodies in blood and urine.