Question

Differentiate between the following

Distillation and Fractional distillation

Answer 1

Distillation

• Distillation is a method of separating two or more liquids based on their boiling points.
• Those liquids, in particular, have a wide range of boiling points.
• This method involves heating the mixture first, then separating or evaporating the liquid with the lowest boiling point.

Fractional Distillation:

• Fractional distillation is a form of distillation in which miscible liquids are separated.
• Repeated distillations & condensations are used in the process, and also the mixture is usually divided into component parts.
• The difference in temperature is less than $25°\mathrm{C}$.

Difference between Fractional distillation and Distillation.

Fractional Distillation	Distillation
Fractional distillation is a technique for separating liquids with similar boiling points.	Simple distillation is a method of separating liquids having boiling point differences of at least 50 degrees.
Fractional distillation makes use of a complicated apparatus that includes a fractionating column.	A basic apparatus containing a flask to retain the mixture, a condenser, and a flask to extract purified constituents is used in simple distillation.
Fractional Distillation is used too obtain pure components, the operation must be done numerous times.	Simple Distillation is a one-shot distillation method.
Fractional distillation is ineffective for separating a solvent from a solute.	Simple distillation is a technique for separating a solvent from a solute.
In crude oil refining, fractional distillation is utilised.	Simple distillation is a technique for purifying seawater.