Question

Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of the respiratory system. Why?

Answer 1

Reason of easy diffusion in alveoli:

1. Each alveolus is made up of highly permeable and thin layers of squamous epithelial cells, making it very thin.
2. Also, it is highly vasculated (have rich supply of blood capillaries).
3. Oxygen-rich air enters the body through the nose and reaches the alveoli.
4. The deoxygenated (carbon dioxide-rich) blood from the body is brought to the heart by the veins. The heart pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation.
5. The exchange of $O_2$ O2O_2
   
   ​ and $C{O}_2$ takesCO2CO_2
   ​ place between the blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli.
6. Thus, the alveoli are the sites for gaseous exchange.
7. The exchange of gases takes place by simple diffusion because of pressure difference or concentration differences.
8. The barrier between the alveoli and the capillaries is thin and the diffusion of gases takes place from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure.
9. The venous blood that reaches the alveoli has the lower partial pressure of $O_2$ and higher partial pressure of $C{O}_2$ CO2CO_2
   ​as compared to alveolar air.
10. Hence, oxygen diffuses into the blood. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood and into the alveoli.