Question

Discuss in detail the functions of hormones secreted by cortex and medulla part of the adrenal glands

Answer 1

Hormones:

1. The endocrine system plays a very important role in regulating and controlling of various physiological processes in our body.
2. Hormones are the chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands and transported by blood to their target tissues where they act accordingly.
3. Hormones have specific functions and are required in small amounts.
4. Endocrine glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands etc. are all a part of this regulatory system.

Adrenal gland:

1. These are a pair of semi-lunar glands residing at the upper lobe of each kidney.
2. These glands are composed of an outer cortex and within it resides the adrenal medulla.
3. Both of these tissues are distinct and release different hormones.

Adrenal cortex:

The cortex part is responsible for the secretion of the following hormones:

1. Mineralocorticoids: These cortical hormones are regulators of sodium and potassium ions in the body. Eg., aldosterone.
2. Glucocorticoids: The function of these hormones is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism in the body. Eg., cortisone.
3. Sex hormones: A very small amount of sex hormones like estrogen and androgens is produced by the adrenal cortex that help in development of the reproductive systems and functions.

Adrenal medulla:

The adrenal medulla secretes two major hormones which act as important defense mechanisms in emergency situations; Epinephrine and Norepinephrine, which are collectively called the' fight or flight' response hormones.

Epinephrine:

1. It is a stress hormone released in times of emergency.
2. It causes increased systolic blood pressure.
3. It also leads to increased metabolism and sweating.
4. It also leads to dilation of coronary blood vessels.
5. This hormone also causes restlessness and anxiety when secreted.

Norepinephrine:

1. This is also an emergency hormone and aids in providing response in the times of stress.
2. It causes increased systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure.