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Question
Discuss the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.
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Solution
(i) Formation of M←C sigma bond through donation of lone pair of electrons of carbon (of CO) into empty orbital of metal atom. This is dative overlap.
(ii) Formation of M→Cπ bond through donation of electrons from filled metal d-orbitals into vacant antibonding π∗ molecular orbitals of CO.
It is back donation or back bonding. It creates a synergic effect and strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.
The metal-carbon bonds in metal carbonyls have both σ and π characters. A σ bond is formed when the carbonyl carbon donates a lone pair of electrons to the vacant orbital of the metal. A π bond is formed by the donation of a pair of electrons from the filled metal d orbital into the vacant anti-bonding π orbital (also known as back bonding of the carbonyl group). The σ bond strengthens the π bond and vice-versa. Thus, a synergic effect is created due to this metal-ligand bonding. This synergic effect strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.
(i) Formation of M←C sigma bond through donation of lone pair of electrons of carbon (of CO) into empty orbital of metal atom. This is dative overlap.
(ii) Formation of M→Cπ bond through donation of electrons from filled metal d-orbitals into vacant antibonding π∗ molecular orbitals of CO.
It is back donation or back bonding. It creates a synergic effect and strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.
The metal-carbon bonds in metal carbonyls have both σ and π characters. A σ bond is formed when the carbonyl carbon donates a lone pair of electrons to the vacant orbital of the metal. A π bond is formed by the donation of a pair of electrons from the filled metal d orbital into the vacant anti-bonding π orbital (also known as back bonding of the carbonyl group). The σ bond strengthens the π bond and vice-versa. Thus, a synergic effect is created due to this metal-ligand bonding. This synergic effect strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.
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