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Question
Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious. Identify the ones which are infectious diseases from the list given below.
i) Cancer
ii) Pneumonia
iii) Diabetes mellitus
iv) Typhoid
Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious. Identify the ones which are infectious diseases from the list given below.
i) Cancer
ii) Pneumonia
iii) Diabetes mellitus
iv) Typhoid
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Solution
The correct option is D ii and iv
On the basis of whether they can spread or not, diseases are classified into two types:
1.Infectious diseases : These diseases that spread from one person to another and hence are called communicable diseases. They are caused by microorganisms called pathogens such as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, etc. Examples: cholera, chickenpox, malaria.
2.Non-infectious diseases : They do not spread to others and they are restricted within a person who has contracted them. So they are called noncommunicable diseases. These diseases are not caused by pathogens, but other factors such as age, nutritional deficiency, the gender of an individual, and lifestyle influence the disease. Examples: diabetes, cancer, asthma, etc
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The bacteria enters the human body through the contaminated water and food, and from the gut it enters into the intestinal cells. Later, it enters the bloodstream, reaches the lymphatic system and destroys it.
The condition in which the pancreas secrete very low or no insulin is called diabetes mellitus.
Pneumonia is a respiratory disorder. It leads to acute infection and inflammation of alveoli. As the alveoli gets filled with mucus and pus, the exchange of gases becomes difficult leading to difficulty in breathing, fever, chills etc. It is an infectious disease as it can spread from an infected person to a healthy person.
Cancer is a non-infectious disease which occurs due to mutations in genes or oncogenic viruses. Affected cells start to divide uncontrollably leading to formation of tumors.
On the basis of whether they can spread or not, diseases are classified into two types:
1.Infectious diseases : These diseases that spread from one person to another and hence are called communicable diseases. They are caused by microorganisms called pathogens such as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, etc. Examples: cholera, chickenpox, malaria.
2.Non-infectious diseases : They do not spread to others and they are restricted within a person who has contracted them. So they are called noncommunicable diseases. These diseases are not caused by pathogens, but other factors such as age, nutritional deficiency, the gender of an individual, and lifestyle influence the disease. Examples: diabetes, cancer, asthma, etc
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. The bacteria enters the human body through the contaminated water and food, and from the gut it enters into the intestinal cells. Later, it enters the bloodstream, reaches the lymphatic system and destroys it.
The condition in which the pancreas secrete very low or no insulin is called diabetes mellitus.
Pneumonia is a respiratory disorder. It leads to acute infection and inflammation of alveoli. As the alveoli gets filled with mucus and pus, the exchange of gases becomes difficult leading to difficulty in breathing, fever, chills etc. It is an infectious disease as it can spread from an infected person to a healthy person.
Cancer is a non-infectious disease which occurs due to mutations in genes or oncogenic viruses. Affected cells start to divide uncontrollably leading to formation of tumors.
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