1
Question
Distinguish between
a) inspiration and expiration
b) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
c) respiration and combustion
d) photosynthesis and respiration
(8 Marks)
a) inspiration and expiration
b) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
c) respiration and combustion
d) photosynthesis and respiration
(8 Marks)
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Solution
Inspiration
Expiration
It is an active process.
It is a passive process.
Contraction of external intercostal muscles and relaxation of internal intercostal muscles occur.
Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and contraction of internal intercostal muscles occur.
Rib cages move forward and outward. Diaphragm contracts and becomes inward.
Rib cages move downward and inward. Diaphragm relaxes and becomes changes to its original dome shape.
Increase in volume of thoracic cavity
Decrease in volume of thoracic cavity.
(2 Marks)
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
It takes place in the presence of oxygen.
It takes place in the absence of oxygen.
End products are CO2
and water.
End products ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Lot of energy is liberated (38 ATP).
Relatively small energy is liberated (2 ATP).
It occurs in plant and animal cells.
Occurs in many anaerobic bacteria.
(2 Marks)
Respiration
Combustion
It occurs in living cells - biochemical process.
It is a chemical process and occurs outside living cells.
It is a controlled biological process.
It is an uncontrolled process.
Oxidation of sugar molecules occurs at the body temperature of an organism.
Heat is to be applied for this process.
The energy is released in several stages.
The energy is released at once as heat.
(2 Marks)
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Photosynthesis is an anabolic process where a new molecule (glucose) is produced.
Respiration is a catabolic process in which the molecule (glucose) is broken down.
Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of chlorophyll.
Respiration occurs in the cells of all living organisms.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Respiration mainly takes place inside the mitochondria.
It takes up the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.
Oxygen is used in this process to produce carbon dioxide.
(2 Marks)
| Inspiration | Expiration |
| It is an active process. | It is a passive process. |
| Contraction of external intercostal muscles and relaxation of internal intercostal muscles occur. | Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and contraction of internal intercostal muscles occur. |
| Rib cages move forward and outward. Diaphragm contracts and becomes inward. | Rib cages move downward and inward. Diaphragm relaxes and becomes changes to its original dome shape. |
| Increase in volume of thoracic cavity | Decrease in volume of thoracic cavity. |
(2 Marks)
| Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
| It takes place in the presence of oxygen. | It takes place in the absence of oxygen. |
| End products are CO2 and water. |
End products ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. |
| Lot of energy is liberated (38 ATP). | Relatively small energy is liberated (2 ATP). |
| It occurs in plant and animal cells. | Occurs in many anaerobic bacteria. |
(2 Marks)
| Respiration | Combustion |
| It occurs in living cells - biochemical process. | It is a chemical process and occurs outside living cells. |
| It is a controlled biological process. | It is an uncontrolled process. |
| Oxidation of sugar molecules occurs at the body temperature of an organism. | Heat is to be applied for this process. |
| The energy is released in several stages. | The energy is released at once as heat. |
(2 Marks)
| Photosynthesis | Respiration |
| Photosynthesis is an anabolic process where a new molecule (glucose) is produced. | Respiration is a catabolic process in which the molecule (glucose) is broken down. |
| Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of chlorophyll. | Respiration occurs in the cells of all living organisms. |
| Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast. | Respiration mainly takes place inside the mitochondria. |
| It takes up the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen. | Oxygen is used in this process to produce carbon dioxide. |
(2 Marks)
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