Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.

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Solution

Sigma bond Pi bond
(1) Coaxial overlap results in the formation of sigma bond. (1) Lateral overlap results in the formation of pi bond.
(2) Extent of overlap is larger which results in formation of stronger bond. (2) Extent of overlap is smaller which results in formation of weaker bond.
(3) The molecular orbital is continuous. It has symmetry around the internuclear axis. (3) The molecular orbital is discontinuous and posses two charge clouds above and below the internuclear axis.
(4) Free rotation of atoms about sigma bond is possible. (4) Free rotation of atoms about pi bond is not possible.

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Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.

The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in $C a C_{2}$ are

(σ)

(π)

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Sigma bond	Pi bond
(1) Coaxial overlap results in the formation of sigma bond.	(1) Lateral overlap results in the formation of pi bond.
(2) Extent of overlap is larger which results in formation of stronger bond.	(2) Extent of overlap is smaller which results in formation of weaker bond.
(3) The molecular orbital is continuous. It has symmetry around the internuclear axis.	(3) The molecular orbital is discontinuous and posses two charge clouds above and below the internuclear axis.
(4) Free rotation of atoms about sigma bond is possible.	(4) Free rotation of atoms about pi bond is not possible.