Distinguish between esterification and saponification reaction of organic compounds with the help of the chemical equation for each. What is the use of (i) Esters and (ii) Saponification process?

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Solution

Esterification is the process by which esters are formed when an alcohol reacts with an acid in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid.
$R^{'} O H + R C O O H \to R C O O R^{'} + H_{2} O$
$C H_{3} C H_{2} O H + C H_{3} C O O H \to C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + H_{2} O$

Saponification reaction is when ester reacts with $N a O H$ , to form the sodium salt of acid and alcohol.

$R C O O R^{'} + N a O H \to R C O O N a + R^{'} O H$

$C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + N a O H \to C H_{3} C O O N a + C_{2} H_{5} O H$
Esters are used in making perfumes, artificial flavouring agents in ice-creams and cold drinks.
The saponification process is used in making soaps.

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(a) Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Describe an activity for the preparation of an ester with the help of a well-labelled diagram. Write an equation for the chemical reaction involved in the formation of the ester. Also writer the names of all the substances involved in the process of esterification.
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