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Question

Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions of organic compounds:

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Solution

Esterification

$1.$ Reaction in which carboxylic acid react with alcohol in concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$

$2.$ It forms a fruity smelling compound ester.

$C_{2} H_{5} O H + C H_{3} C O O H C o n c e n t r a t e d H_{2} S O_{4} ⟶ C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + H_{2} O$

Saponification

$1.$ reaction in which ester reacts with Alkali solution.

$2.$ It forms compound called soap.

$C H_{3} C O O O C_{2} H_{5} + N a O H ⟶ C_{2} H_{5} O H + C H_{3} C O ⊝ O N a$

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