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Vestigial Organs

Distinguish b...

Question

Distinguish between homologous organs and analogous organs. In which category would you place wings of a bird and wings of a bat? Justify your answer giving a suitable reason.

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Solution

$\begin{matrix} H o m o l o g o u s o r g a n s & A n a l o g o u s o r g a n s H o m o l o g o u s o r g a n s a r e t h o s e o r g a n s w h i c h & A n a l o g o u s s t r u c t u r e s a r e t h o s e w h i c h a r e a r e s i m i l a r i n o r i g i n b u t d i f f e r e n t i n f u n c t i o n . & d i f f e r e n t i n o r i g i n b u t s i m i l a r i n f u n c t i o n T h e y r e p r e s e n t a c a s e o f & T h e e x i s t e n c e o f a n a l o g u s s t r u c t u r e s d i v e r g e n t e v o l u t i o n . & s u g g e s t s t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f c o n v e r g e n t e v o l u t i o n . T h e p r e s e n c e o f a s t r u c t u r e o r & I t m a y b e e x p l a i n e d i n t e r m s o f t h e p h y s i o l o g i c a l p r o c e s s i n a n a n c e s t r a l & e n v i r o m e n t, a c t i n g t h r o u g h t h e a g e n c y o r g a n i s m, w h i c h h a s b e c o m e g r e a t l y & o f n a t u r a l s e l e c t i o n, f a v o u r i n g t h o s e m o d i f i l e d i n m o r e s p e c i a l i z e d, a p p a r e n t l y & v a r i a t i o n s w h i c h c o n f e r i n c r e a s e d s u r v i v a l r e l a t e d o r g a n i s m s, m a y b e i n t e r p r e t e d a s & a n d r e p r o d u c t i v e p o t e n t i a l o n t h o s e i n d i c a t i n g a p r o c e s s o f d e s c e n t b y & o r g a n i s m s w h i c h p o s s e s s t h e m . I n t h i s m o d i f i c a t i o n . I n t h i s c a s e t h e f u n c t i o n o f & c a s e d i f f e r e n t o r g a n s w i t h d i f f e r e n t o r g a n s d i v e r s i f i e d a n d b e c a m e d i f f e r e n t & o r i g i n s s t a r t p e r f o r m i n g s i m i l a r f u n c t i o n s f r o m t h e c o m m o n a n c e s t o r . & a n d d i f f e r f r o m t h e i r a n c e s t r a l t r a i t . E x a m p l e : T h e f o r e l i m b s o f b i r d s & E x a m p l e : T h e f o r e l i m b s o f b i r d s a n d h u m a n s & a n d b a t s \end{matrix}$
The wings of a bird and a bat are similar in function but this similarity does not mean that these animals are more closely related. If we carefully look at these structures, then we will find that the wings of a bat are just the folds of skin that are stretched between its fingers whereas the wings of birds are present all along the arm. Therefore, these organs are analogous organs.

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Similar questions

Q. Out of the wing of a bird, wing of an insect and the wing of a bat :
(a) which two are homologous organs?
(b) which two are analogous organs?

Q. Explain analogous organs and homologous organs. Identify the analogous and homologous organs amongst the following:
Wings of an insect, wings of a bat, forelimbs of frog, forelimbs of a human.

Q. Assertion 1: Wings of a bat and a bird are analogous organs.

Assertion 2: Forelimbs of a bat and a bird are homologous organs.

Reason : Wings of a bat and a bird do not share a common origin.

Q. Choose the correct statements with reference to organic evolution
(a) Flippers of Whale and wings of bat exhibit analogy
(b) Wings of Butterfly and wings of Bird exhibit homology
(c) Organs with dissimilar structure are called analogous organs
(d) Organs with similar structure and origin are called homologous organs

Q. Wings of a bat and arms of a human are homologous whereas wings of bat and wings of butterfly are analogous. Justify. [2 marks]

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