Distinguish between $S_{N} 1$ and $S_{N} 2$ mechanisms.

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Solution

$S_{N} 1$
$S_{N} 1$
Rate Law Unimolecular (substrate only) Bimolecular (substrate and nucleophile)
Big Barrier Carbocation stability Steric Hindrance
Alkyl halide (electrophile) $3^{o} > 2^{o} >> 1^{o}$ $1^{o} > 2^{o} >> 3^{o}$
Nucleophile Weak (generally neutral) Strong (generally bearing a negative charge)
Solvent Polar protic (e.g alcohols) Polar aprotic (e.g DMSO, acetone)
Stereochemistry Mixture of retention and inversion of configuration Inversion of configuration

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What are Sn ar and e1 cb reactions and how to identify or differentiate them from other mechanisms(Sn 1,Sn 2,E1,E2)?

S_{N} 1

S_{N} 2

S_{N} 1

[1] P b^{2 +} > P b^{4}, S n^{2 +} > S n^{4 +}

[2] P b^{2 +} < P b^{4}, S n^{2 +} < S n^{4 +}

[3] P b^{2 +} > P b^{4}, S n^{2 +} < S n^{4 +}

[4] P b^{2 +} < P b^{4}, S n^{2 +} > S n^{4 +}

[5] S n^{2 +} < P b^{2 +}, S n^{4 +} > P b^{4 +}

[6] S n^{2 +} < P b^{2 +}, S n^{4 +} < P b^{4 +}

S N^{1}

S N^{2}

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	$S_{N} 1$	$S_{N} 1$
Rate Law	Unimolecular (substrate only)	Bimolecular (substrate and nucleophile)
Big Barrier	Carbocation stability	Steric Hindrance
Alkyl halide (electrophile)	$3^{o} > 2^{o} >> 1^{o}$	$1^{o} > 2^{o} >> 3^{o}$
Nucleophile	Weak (generally neutral)	Strong (generally bearing a negative charge)
Solvent	Polar protic (e.g alcohols)	Polar aprotic (e.g DMSO, acetone)
Stereochemistry	Mixture of retention and inversion of configuration	Inversion of configuration