Distinguish between the following.

1. Lithosphere and hydrosphere
2. Eurasia and Australasia
3. Atmosphere and biosphere

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Solution

1.

Lithosphere Hydrosphere

It is the solid domain of the Earth composed of the land mass of the Earth's crust. The availability of water is a unique feature of the Earth. The domain of the Earth's surface comprising water, including oceans, seas, rivers and lakes, is known as the hydrosphere.

It covers around 29% of the Earth's surface.
It covers 71% of the Earth's surface.

It is divided into seven continents: Asia, Africa, Antarctica, North America, South America, Europe and Australia. It is divided into five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Antarctic, Indian and Arctic.

2.

Eurasia Australasia

The European and Asian land masses together are known as Eurasia. Australia along with neighbouring island countries is known as Australasia.

It is surrounded by the Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceans. It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on the east side.

Its major portion is located in the Northern Hemisphere. It is entirely located in the Southern Hemisphere.

3.

Atmosphere Biosphere

The air around the Earth's surface till a height of 1,600 kilometres is known as the atmosphere. It is a narrow zone of the Earth's surface where different domains like air, water and land interact to support life.

It is composed of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, ozone and carbon dioxide and water vapour. It comprises both biotic and abiotic factors responsible for the existence of life.

It is one of the components of the biosphere and is important for the existence of life on the Earth. The existence of life is confined to the biosphere only.

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What do geographers use as a tool to monitor or measure phenomena on Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere?

\begin{matrix} Column I & Column II A. Atmosphere & 1.Outer crust of the Earth B. Hydrosphere & 2.Comprises of both biotic and abiotic components C. Biosphere & 3. Sheet of gases that surround the planet D. Lithosphere & 4.Comprises of water \end{matrix}

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Lithosphere	Hydrosphere
It is the solid domain of the Earth composed of the land mass of the Earth's crust.	The availability of water is a unique feature of the Earth. The domain of the Earth's surface comprising water, including oceans, seas, rivers and lakes, is known as the hydrosphere.
It covers around 29% of the Earth's surface.	It covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
It is divided into seven continents: Asia, Africa, Antarctica, North America, South America, Europe and Australia.	It is divided into five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Antarctic, Indian and Arctic.

Eurasia	Australasia
The European and Asian land masses together are known as Eurasia.	Australia along with neighbouring island countries is known as Australasia.
It is surrounded by the Atlantic, Arctic and Indian Oceans.	It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on the east side.
Its major portion is located in the Northern Hemisphere.	It is entirely located in the Southern Hemisphere.

Atmosphere	Biosphere
The air around the Earth's surface till a height of 1,600 kilometres is known as the atmosphere.	It is a narrow zone of the Earth's surface where different domains like air, water and land interact to support life.
It is composed of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, ozone and carbon dioxide and water vapour.	It comprises both biotic and abiotic factors responsible for the existence of life.
It is one of the components of the biosphere and is important for the existence of life on the Earth.	The existence of life is confined to the biosphere only.