Distinguish between the following:
Aphelion and perihelion
The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, minor planet, or comet, where it is nearest to its point of orbit, generally a star. It is the opposite of aphelion, which is the point in the orbit where the celestial body is farthest from its point of orbit.
The word "perihelion" stems from the Ancient Greek words "peri", meaning "near", and "helios", meaning "the Sun". "Aphelion" derives from the preposition "apo", meaning "away, off, apart". (The similar words "perigee" and "apogee" refer to the nearest and furthest points in some object's orbit around the Earth.
Perihelion is the point where the Earth is closest to the Sun (91.4 million miles, or 147 million kilometers). This occurs around January 3 every year. Aphelion is when our planet reaches its farthest point from the Sun (94.5 million miles, or 152 million kilometers) around July 4. This variation does not have much effect on weather patterns or seasons.