Distinguish by adding: Sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution to
(b) Lead salt solution and zinc salt solution.

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Solution

Sodium hydroxide on reaction with zinc salt gives a white gelatinous precipitate $Z n (O H)_{2}$ which is soluble in excess of $N a O H$ , while with lead salt solution it gives chalky white precipitate $P b (O H)_{2}$ which is soluble in excess of $N a O H$ so these two cannot be distinguished by $N a O H$ alone.

Ammonium hydroxide on reaction with lead salt gives chalky white precipitate $P b (O H)_{2}$ which is insoluble, but on reaction with zinc salt gives a white gelatinous precipitate $Z n (O H)_{2}$ which is soluble in excess of $N H_{4} O H$ .

$P b (N O_{3})_{2} + 2 N H_{4} O H \to P b (O H)_{2} ↓ + 2 N H_{4} N O_{3}$
(colourless) (chalky white ppt.)

$Z n S O_{4} + 2 N H_{4} O H \to Z n (O H)_{2} ↓ + 2 (N H_{4})_{2} S O_{4}$
(colourless) (gelatinous white ppt.)

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Z n^{2 +}

and

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(d) Fe(II) salt solution and Fe(III) salt solution.

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Distinguish by adding: Sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution to (b) Lead salt solution and zinc salt solution.

Distinguish by adding: Sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution to
(b) Lead salt solution and zinc salt solution.