Distinguish by adding: Sodium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide solution to
(e) Ferrous nitrate and lead nitrate.

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Solution

Sodium hydroxide on reaction with $F e (I I)$ nitrate gives a dirty green $F e (O H)_{2}$ precipitate which is insoluble, while with lead nitrate it forms a white $P b (O H)_{2}$ precipitate which is soluble in excess of $N a O H$ .

$P b (N O_{3})_{2} + 2 N a O H \to P b (O H)_{2} + 2 N a N O_{3}$
(colourless) (white ppt.)

$F e (N O 3)_{2} + 2 N a O H \to F e (O H)_{2} + 2 N a N O_{3}$
(pale green) (dirty green ppt.)

Ammonium hydroxide on reaction with lead nitrate gives a chalky white insoluble precipitate, while with ferrous nitrate does not give any precipitation.

$P b (N O_{3})_{2} + 2 N H_{4} O H \to P b (O H)_{2} + 2 N H_{4} N O_{3}$
(colourless) (chalky white ppt.)

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