Question

Which was the socially and politically dominant class of Europe? State main features of its way of life. Also write about the condition of poor sections of society and the new social groups in 18^th century Europe.

Answer 1

Dear Student,

During the 18th century, the socially and politically dominant classes of Europe were the clergy and the aristocracy. These two classes enjoyed all social privileges and rights. They were also the ruling classes. Together they ruled over the rest of the population who were regarded as the common people. The main features of their lives were

1. They lived in luxury.
2. They did not pay any taxes. Instead, their lifestyle was financed by the taxes paid by peasants and trading people.
3. They mostly led a life of leisure.

In contrast, the poor people which mainly consisted of the peasantry and the urban poor lived a life of hard work and misery. They had to pay high taxes which left them little income for their livelihood. They had no political rights and were regarded as social inferior.

In the 18th century, though, new social classes like merchants and capitalists started emerging in Europe. They also did not have social and political power. But they were economically prosperous and soon began to challenge the traditional clergy and aristocracy for their share of power.

Regards.