Question

DNA polymorphism is the basis of
(A) Genetic mapping
(B) Mutation
(C) DNA fingerprinting
(D) Population diversity

Choose the correct option

Answer 1

Polymorphism in DNA could arise due to any factor which alters the nitrogenous bases in the DNA sequence. If the change is impairing the individual capacity to survive or reproduce, that polymorphism is not seen in the population but if the mutation in the non-coding part of the DNA is present, then it has no effect on the survival or reproductive capacity of the individual. Thus polymorphism in the non-coding part of the genome is seen in the population. Since these are not impairing the reproductive capacity these polymorphisms are inherited and accumulated through generations leading to speciation and evolution. Thus polymorphism serves as a big data pool and forms the basis of genetic mapping, DNA fingerprinting, and population diversity. Mutations are the basis of polymorphism and not the other way around.