Do you know how the pre-synaptic neuron transmits an impulse (action potential) across the synaptic cleft to the post-synaptic neuron?
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Solution
The axon terminals contain vesicles filled with these neurotransmitters.
When an impulse (action potential) arrives at the axon terminal, it
stimulates the movement of the synaptic vesicles towards the membrane
where they fuse with the plasma membrane and released their
neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. The released neurotransmitters
bind to their specific receptors, present on the post-synaptic membrane.
This binding opens ion channels allowing the entry of ions which can
generate a new potential in the post-synaptic neuron.