Monocot plants are distinguished by their single cotyledon seeds, parallel-veined leaves, sporadic vascular bundles in the stem, lack of a typical cambium, and other characteristics.
Primary growth is the growth that happens from cell division at the ends of stems and roots, whereas secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and causes the stems and roots to thicken.
Vascular bundles are closed, meaning they lack cambium and do not generate secondary tissues.
The vascular bundles in monocot stems are distributed throughout the ground tissue.
Monocot stems, like monocot roots, have an outer covering of dermal tissue called the epidermis that protects them.
Ground and vascular tissue make up the rest of the stem.