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Question
Draw a well labelled diagram of typical prokaryotic cell?
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Solution
A prokaryotic cell does not have a nuclear membrane. However, the genetic material is present in a region in the cytoplasm known as the nucleoid. They may be spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral. A prokaryotic cell structure is as follows:
- Capsule– It is an outer protective covering found in the bacterial cells, in addition to the cell wall. It helps in moisture retention, protects the cell when engulfed, and helps in the attachment of cells to nutrients and surfaces.
- Cell Wall– It is the outermost layer of the cell which gives shape to the cell.
- Cytoplasm– The cytoplasm is mainly composed of enzymes, salts, cell organelles and is a gel-like component.
- Cell Membrane– This layer surrounds the cytoplasm and regulates the entry and exit of substances in the cells.
- Pili– These are hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells.
- Flagella– These are long structures in the form of a whip, that help in the locomotion of a cell.
- Ribosomes– These are involved in protein synthesis.
- Plasmids– Plasmids are non-chromosomal DNA structures. These are not involved in reproduction.
- Nucleoid Region– It is the region in the cytoplasm where the genetic material is present.
A prokaryotic cell lacks certain organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies.
A prokaryotic cell does not have a nuclear membrane. However, the genetic material is present in a region in the cytoplasm known as the nucleoid. They may be spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral. A prokaryotic cell structure is as follows:
- Capsule– It is an outer protective covering found in the bacterial cells, in addition to the cell wall. It helps in moisture retention, protects the cell when engulfed, and helps in the attachment of cells to nutrients and surfaces.
- Cell Wall– It is the outermost layer of the cell which gives shape to the cell.
- Cytoplasm– The cytoplasm is mainly composed of enzymes, salts, cell organelles and is a gel-like component.
- Cell Membrane– This layer surrounds the cytoplasm and regulates the entry and exit of substances in the cells.
- Pili– These are hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells.
- Flagella– These are long structures in the form of a whip, that help in the locomotion of a cell.
- Ribosomes– These are involved in protein synthesis.
- Plasmids– Plasmids are non-chromosomal DNA structures. These are not involved in reproduction.
- Nucleoid Region– It is the region in the cytoplasm where the genetic material is present.
A prokaryotic cell lacks certain organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies.
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