Draw the diagram representing the schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experimental setup for the alpha particle scattering.
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Solution
Geiger-Marsden experiment: The Schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsdon experiment is also known as the Rutherford scattering experiment.
Rutherford in 1911, experimented called the ‘Gold foil experiment’ and could conclude the nature of an atom and the position of the protons present in the atom decisively. He also proposed the position and behavior of electrons.
They bombarded fragile sheets of gold foil with fast-moving alpha particles. Alpha particles, a type of natural radioactive particle, are positively charged particles with a mass about four times that of a hydrogen atom.
Observation of experiment :
Most of the alpha particles were indeed undeflected, a tiny percentage (about 1 in 8000 particles) bounced off the gold foil at extensive angles which makes us clear that most of the space is empty inside an atom. Some were even redirected back toward the source.
The conclusion of the experiment:
Rutherford concluded that all the positive charge and the majority of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in a minimal space in the atom’s interior, which he called the nucleus.
The nucleus is the tiny, dense, central core of the atom and is composed of protons and neutrons.
