Draw the electron-dot structures of the following compounds and state the type of bonding in each case:
(i) CO2
(ii) MgO
(iii) H₂O
(iv) HCl
(v) MgCl₂

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Solution

(i) The electron-dot structure of CO₂ is:

Both oxygen and carbon share their two electrons to form a covalent bond in carbon dioxide, CO₂.

(ii) The electron-dot structure of MgO is:
Mg²⁺ ${[: {O :}_{. .}^{. .}]}^{2 -}$
Magnesium donate its two electrons to the oxygen atom to form an ionic bond in magnesium oxide, MgO .

(iii) The electron-dot structure of H₂O is:

The oxygen atom shares its one electron with each hydrogen atom to form a covalent bond in the water molecule.

(iv) The electron-dot structure of HCl is:
H: ${Cl}_{. .}^{. .}$ :
The hydrogen atom shares its one electron with a chlorine atom to form a covalent bond.

(v) The electron-dot structure of MgCl₂ is:

The magnesium atom transfers its one electron to each chlorine atom to form an ionic bond.

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Similar questions

(a) Draw an electron dot diagram to show the structure of each of the following :

(i) Hydronium ion, (ii) Ammonium ion,

(iii) Hydroxyl ion

State the type of bonding present in them.

(b) Give two examples in each case :

(i) Co-ordinate bonds compounds,

(ii) Solid covalent compounds,

(iii) Gaseous polar compounds,

(iv) Gaseous non polar compounds,

(v) Liquid non polar compounds

How many covalent bonds are present in the following compounds?

(i) $C O_{2}$

(ii) $H_{2} O$

(iii) $C H_{4}$

(iv) $N_{2}$

(v) $N H_{3}$

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