Question

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes may exchange genetic material during a process called "crossing over."
How does this benefit the organism?

• A. Crossing over results in the production of more gametes during meiosis. Having more gametes increases the reproductive fitness of the organism
• B. Crossing over produces additional copies DNA regulatory molecules. Increased cell cycle regulation improves the overall fitness of the organism by reducing the chance of mutation
• C. Crossing over produces new combinations of genes on alleles, increasing genetic variation. Genetic diversity increases the fitness of the population
• D. Crossing over allows homologous chromosomes to correct errors in their sequences by filling in gaps caused by missing nucleotides. This improves the fitness of the organism by retaining intact genetic sequences

Answer 1

The correct option is C Crossing over produces new combinations of genes on alleles, increasing genetic variation. Genetic diversity increases the fitness of the population

Crossing over takes place during pachytene stage of Prophase I of Meiosis I where the non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, this results in recombination of the genetic material and creates new genetic combination. This results in variations, which can be beneficial to the offsprings providing a better survival advantage.

So, the correct answer is 'Crossing over produces new combinations of genes on alleles, increasing genetic variation. Genetic diversity increases the fitness of the population'