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Electrolysis of Water

During the el...

Question

During the electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid, the following process is possible at anode.

A

2 H_{2} O_{(l)} \to O_{2 (g)} + 4 H_{(a q)}^{+} + 4 e^{-}

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B

2 S O_{4 (a q)}^{2 -} \to S_{2} O_{S (a q)}^{2 -} + 2 e^{-}

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C

H_{2} O_{(l)} \to H_{(a q)}^{+} + O H_{(a q)}^{-}

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D

H_{2} O_{(l)} + e^{-} \to \frac{1}{2} H_{2 (g)} + O H_{(a q)}^{-}

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Solution

The correct option is A $2 H_{2} O_{(l)} \to O_{2 (g)} + 4 H_{(a q)}^{+} + 4 e^{-}$
During electrolysis of $H_{2} S O_{4}$
$H_{2}$ is evolved at cathode.
$2 H^{+} + 2 e^{-} ⟶ H_{2}$
$O_{2}$ is evolved at anode,
$2 H_{2} O ⟶ O_{2} + 4 H^{+} + 4 e^{-}$

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Similar questions

Q. During electrolysis,

O_{2} (g)

is evolved at anode in

⎡ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ \begin{matrix} (c o r r e c t) C u (s) ⟶ & C u^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} E_{C u | C u^{2 +}}^{⊝} = - 0.34 V (w r o n g) 2 H_{2} O (l) ⟶ & O_{2} (g) + 4 H^{\oplus} (a q) + 4 e^{-} E_{H_{2} O | O_{2}}^{⊝} = - 1.23 V \end{matrix} ⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦

\begin{matrix} I n (d) \end{matrix}

⎡ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ \begin{matrix} (c o r r e c t) N i (s) ⟶ & N i^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} E_{N i | N i^{2 +}}^{⊝} = - 0.25 V (w r o n g) 4 ⊝ O H (a q) ⟶ & O_{2} (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 4 e^{-} E_{⊝ O H | O_{2}}^{\oplus} = - 0.4 V \end{matrix} ⎤ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎦

Q. Match the column I with column II and mark the appropriate choice.

	Column I		Column II
(A)	$P b_{(s)} + S O_{4 (a q)}^{- 2} \to P b S O_{4 (s)} + 2 e^{-}$	(i)	Rusting of iron
(B)	$2 S O_{4 (a q)}^{2 -} \to S_{2} O_{8 (a q)}^{2 -} + 2 e^{-}$	(ii)	Reaction at anode in lead storage battery
(C)	$2 H_{2 (g)} + 4 O H_{(a q)}^{-} \to 4 H_{2} O_{(l)} + 4 e^{-}$	(iii)	Electrolysis of concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$
(D)	$2 F e_{(s)} + O_{2 (g)} + 4 H_{(a q)}^{+} \to 2 F e_{(a q)}^{2 +} + 2 H_{2} O_{(l)}$	(iv)	Reaction at anode in fuel cell

Q. Consider a galvanic cell using solid

C u

F e

metals with their corresponding solutions.
What is the

E_{c e l l}^{\circ}

Standard Potential (V)	Reduction Half-Reaction
$2.87$	$F_{2} (g) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 F^{-} (a q)$
$1.51$	$M n O_{4}^{-} (a q) + 8 H^{+} (a q) + 5 e^{-} \to M n^{2 +} (a q) + 4 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.36$	$C l_{2} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to 2 C l^{-} (a q)$
$1.33$	$C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} (a q) + 14 H^{+} (a q) + 6 e^{-} \to 2 C r^{3 +} (a q) + 7 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.23$	$O_{2} (g) + 4 H^{+} (a q) + 4 e^{-} \to 2 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.06$	$B r_{2} (l) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 B r^{-} (a q)$
$0.96$	$N O_{3}^{-} (a q) + 4 H^{+} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to N O (g) + H_{2} O (l)$
$0.80$	$A g^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to A g (s)$ $
$0.77$	$F e^{3 +} (a q) + e^{-} \to F e^{2 +} (a q)$
$0.68$	$O_{2} (g) + 2 H^{+} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} O_{2} (a q)$
$0.59$	$M n O_{4}^{-} (a q) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 3 e^{-} \to M n O_{2} (s) + 4 O H^{-} (a q)$
$0.54$	$I_{2} (s) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 I^{-} (a q)$
$0.40$	$O_{2} (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 4 e^{-} \to 4 O H^{-} (a q)$
$0.34$	$C u^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to C u (s)$
$0$	$2 H^{+} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} (g)$
$- 0.28$	$N i^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to N i (s)$
$- 0.44$	$F e^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to F e (s)$
$- 0.76$	$Z n^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to Z n (s)$
$- 0.83$	$2 H_{2} O (l) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} (g) + 2 O H^{-} (a q)$
$1.66$	$A l^{3 +} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to A l (s)$
$- 2.71$	$N a^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to N a (s)$
$- 3.05$	$L i^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to L i (s)$

Q. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction :

H^{+} (a q .) + O H^{-} (a q .) ⇌ H_{2} O (l)

10^{13}

at certain temperature then what is the

E^{\circ}

for the reaction,

2 H_{2} O (l) + 2 e^{-} ⇌ H_{2} (g) + 2 O H^{-} (a q .)

\frac{2.303 R T}{F} = 0.066

.

Q. Consider a spontaneous electrochemical cell between

C u

A l

. Predict what would happen if excess concentrated

N a O H

were added to the cell with copper ions and a precipitate forms.

Standard Potential (V)	Reduction Half-Reaction
$2.87$	$F_{2} (g) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 F^{-} (a q)$
$1.51$	$M n O_{4}^{-} (a q) + 8 H^{+} (a q) + 5 e^{-} \to M n^{2 +} (a q) + 4 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.36$	$C l_{2} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to 2 C l^{-} (a q)$
$1.33$	$C r_{2} O_{7}^{2 -} (a q) + 14 H^{+} (a q) + 6 e^{-} \to 2 C r^{3 +} (a q) + 7 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.23$	$O_{2} (g) + 4 H^{+} (a q) + 4 e^{-} \to 2 H_{2} O (l)$
$1.06$	$B r_{2} (l) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 B r^{-} (a q)$
$0.96$	$N O_{3}^{-} (a q) + 4 H^{+} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to N O (g) + H_{2} O (l)$
$0.80$	$A g^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to A g (s)$ $
$0.77$	$F e^{3 +} (a q) + e^{-} \to F e^{2 +} (a q)$
$0.68$	$O_{2} (g) + 2 H^{+} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} O_{2} (a q)$
$0.59$	$M n O_{4}^{-} (a q) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 3 e^{-} \to M n O_{2} (s) + 4 O H^{-} (a q)$
$0.54$	$I_{2} (s) + 2 e^{-} \to 2 I^{-} (a q)$
$0.40$	$O_{2} (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + 4 e^{-} \to 4 O H^{-} (a q)$
$0.34$	$C u^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to C u (s)$
$0$	$2 H^{+} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} (g)$
$- 0.28$	$N i^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to N i (s)$
$- 0.44$	$F e^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to F e (s)$
$- 0.76$	$Z n^{2 +} (a q) + 2 e^{-} \to Z n (s)$
$- 0.83$	$2 H_{2} O (l) + 2 e^{-} \to H_{2} (g) + 2 O H^{-} (a q)$
$1.66$	$A l^{3 +} (a q) + 3 e^{-} \to A l (s)$
$- 2.71$	$N a^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to N a (s)$
$- 3.05$	$L i^{+} (a q) + e^{-} \to L i (s)$

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