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Question
Effective vaccination across the world has led to the eradication of which of the following diseases?
Effective vaccination across the world has led to the eradication of which of the following diseases?
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Solution
The correct option is B Smallpox
A vaccine is a preparation containing inactivated antigenic proteins of a pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen that is introduced into the body. The antigens in the vaccine trigger the B and T lymphocytes to produce antibodies and other cytotoxic cells that destroy the antigen. The memory B and T lymphocytes generated in response to the vaccine launch a faster and stronger immune response against the pathogen in the event of an actual infection in the future. This principle (memory) helps in the prevention of many infectious diseases.
The causative agent for smallpox is the Variola virus. The disease is characterised by fever, headache, body ache and appearance of early rashes which gradually developed into fluid filled pustules. The infected person is most contagious during the appearance of the first sores and transmission happens via direct or prolonged face to face contact with an infected person.
Smallpox cases had appeared for centuries and was a fatal disease causing the death of many. People who survived were usually left with severe scars.
The basis for vaccination began in 1796 when Edward Jenner, an English doctor, noticed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox were protected from smallpox. He successfully used the materials from cowpox sores to build up the immunity in healthy uninfected individuals.
Vaccinations became widely accepted and an extensive smallpox vaccination program initiated by WHO in the 1950-1960 period finally led to effective eradication of the disease. The vaccine used contained live cowpox or Vaccinia viral particles.
Chicken pox, malaria and mumps are diseases that are still prevalent and have not been eradicated yet.
A vaccine is a preparation containing inactivated antigenic proteins of a pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen that is introduced into the body. The antigens in the vaccine trigger the B and T lymphocytes to produce antibodies and other cytotoxic cells that destroy the antigen. The memory B and T lymphocytes generated in response to the vaccine launch a faster and stronger immune response against the pathogen in the event of an actual infection in the future. This principle (memory) helps in the prevention of many infectious diseases.
The causative agent for smallpox is the Variola virus. The disease is characterised by fever, headache, body ache and appearance of early rashes which gradually developed into fluid filled pustules. The infected person is most contagious during the appearance of the first sores and transmission happens via direct or prolonged face to face contact with an infected person.
Smallpox cases had appeared for centuries and was a fatal disease causing the death of many. People who survived were usually left with severe scars.
The basis for vaccination began in 1796 when Edward Jenner, an English doctor, noticed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox were protected from smallpox. He successfully used the materials from cowpox sores to build up the immunity in healthy uninfected individuals.
Vaccinations became widely accepted and an extensive smallpox vaccination program initiated by WHO in the 1950-1960 period finally led to effective eradication of the disease. The vaccine used contained live cowpox or Vaccinia viral particles.
Chicken pox, malaria and mumps are diseases that are still prevalent and have not been eradicated yet.
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