Question

Electromagnets are made of soft iron because soft iron has

• A. high susceptibility and low retentivity
• B. low susceptibility and high retentivity
• C. low susceptibility and low retentivity
• D. high susceptibility and high retentivity

Answer 1

The correct option is A high susceptibility and low retentivity

Magnetic retentivity determines the magnetism left in the material after the magnetizing field has been switched off. Electromagnets are operated in conditions requiring fast reversal of polarity, so high retentivity is undesirable.

Susceptibility determines to what extent the material responds to the applied field. This means it determines the extent to which the material will be magnetized when a field of given strength is applied. Therefore, electromagnets must be made of materials having high susceptibility and low retentivity. Soft iron is such a material.