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Enantiomers a...

Question

Enantiomers are:

A

molecules that have a mirror image

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B

molecules that have at least one stereogenic center

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C

non-superimposable molecules that are mirror images of each other

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D

non-superimposable constitutional isomers

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Solution

The correct option is C non-superimposable molecules that are mirror images of each other
Enantiomers are chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another. Furthermore, the molecules are non-superimposable on one another. This means that the molecules cannot be placed on top of one another and give the same molecule. Chiral molecules with one or more stereocenters can be enantiomers.

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Q. Molecules whose mirror image is non-superimposable over them are known as chiral. Which of the following molecules is chiral in nature?

A schematic analysis of the reaction of one enantiomer with racemic mixture is shown below

\begin{matrix} d & + & d a n d l & \to & (d) - (d) T h e (+) f o r m o f & A r a c e m i c m i x t u r e o f & + c h i r a l m o l e c u l e s & o t h e r m o l e c u l e s w i t h & (d) - (l) 50 % (d) a n d 50 % (l) \end{matrix}

The products (d-d) and (d-l) are clearly neither identical nor enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images) as the mirror image of (d-d) is (l-l) not (d-l). They are diastereomers, 'stereoisomers that are not mirror images'.

The formation of diastereomers allows the separation of enantiomers (called resolution) which is not easy as enantiomers have identical physical properties. One general procedure for separating enantiomers is to allow them to react with naturally occurring chiral molecule to form a pair of diastereomers. These can be separated easily as they have different physical properties. if the original chemical reaction can be reversed, the enantiomers can be isolated.

Which of the following is an example of diastereomers?

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