Question

	Endocrine gland	Hormone	Function/deficiency symptoms
i.	Anterior pituitary	Oxytocin	Stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth
ii.	Posterior pituitary	Growth Hormone (GH)	Oversecretion stimulates abnormals growth
iii.	Thyroid gland	Thyroxine	Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre
iv.	Corpus luteum	Testosterone	Stimulates spermatogenesis

Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/ deficiency symptom.

• A. i.
• B. ii.
• C. iii.
• D. iv.

Answer 1

The correct option is C iii.

The thyroid gland is composed of follicles and stromal tissues. Each thyroid follicle is composed of follicular cells, enclosing a cavity. These follicular cells synthesize two hormones, tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Iodine is essential for the normal rate of hormone synthesis in the thyroid. Deficiency of iodine in our diet results in hypothyroidism and enlargement of the thyroid gland commonly called goitre.

Neurohypophysis (pars nervosa) also known as posterior pituitary, stores, and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin, which are actually synthesized by the hypothalamus and are transported axonally to neurohypophysis. Oxytocin acts on the smooth muscles of our body and stimulates their contraction. In females, it stimulates a vigorous contraction of the uterus at the time of childbirth, and milk ejection from the mammary gland. The pars distalis region of pituitary, commonly called anterior pituitary, produces following hormones: growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL).

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle is converted to a structure called corpus luteum, which secretes mainly progesterone.