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Question

Enlist two core techniques that have enables birth to modern biotechnology.

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Solution

(i) Genetic engineering : This technique refers to change in the genetic material and its induction into host organisms for changing the phenotype of the host organism.
(ii) Chemical engineering : It involves maintenance of sterile medium so as to enable the growth of only the desired microbes in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines and enzymes etc.

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