Question

Enumerate in a tabular form the different structures found in the epidermis and dermis of the human skin.

Answer 1

Epidermis:

1. It forms the outermost covering of the body.
2. It is generally protective in nature.

Dermis:

1. It is the inner thick layer of connective tissues.
2. It is tough and flexible.

Structure found in the epidermis	Structure found in the dermis
1.Stratum Corneum: It is the outermost layer consisting of several piled-up layers of flatenned dead cells. These cells are made up of a fibrous structural protein called keratin. They provide protection from germs.	1. Collagen and Elastin fibers: Collagen is composed of three chains of proteins twisted around one another in a helical shape. In contrast to collagen, elastin is a much more 'stretchy' protein found in connective tissue.
2.Granular layer: It is a very thin middle layer consisting of flattened cells. These are basically in the shapes of the grain. They may be tiny or macroscopic.	2. Fibroblast cells: A fibroblast is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue, a fibrous cellular material that supports and connects other tissues or organs in the body. Fibroblasts secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues.
3. Keratinocytes cells: These cells which contain a pigment called keratin in them. This is basically found in the hair and nails. They are very essential for their growth.	3. Blood vessels: A tube through which the blood circulates in the body. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
4. Melanocytes cells: These cells secrete a pigment called melanin. It basically imparts the colour to the skin.	4. Lymph nodes: A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.