Question

"Every great physical theory starts as a heresy and ends as a dogma." Give some examples from the history of science of the validity of this incisive remark.

Answer 1

Dogma is an established opinion, which is questioned by only a few, while heresy means anything, which is against the established belief, few that creates ripples in the minds of the intelligent. For example, Thomas Young's wave theory of light started as a heresy and finally ended as a 'dogma', while Einstein and others replaced it by the quantum theory of light.

The statement above is true. Validity of this incisive remark can be validated from the example of moment of inertia. It states that the moment of inertia of a body depends on its energy. But according to Einstein's mass-energy relation ($E=m{c}^2$), energy depends on the speed of the body.