Question

Example of plasma and BEC

Answer 1

Dear Student
​
​ Plasmas are gases of electrically charged particles, with equal amounts of both positive and negative charge. They behave a lot differently from ordinary gases because the electrical forces between the particles are strong, all the time. In a normal gas, the forces between the atoms or molecules are usually very weak, except when they occasionally collide.

A Bose-Einstein condensate (such as superfluid liquid helium) forms for reasons that only can be explained by quantum mechanics. There's a specific lowest energy state for the particles- say helium atoms. When the atoms become very cold, many of them go into that specific state. The behavior is a lot different from that of an ordinary fluid, in which there are plenty of different states for different particles.
Only certain types of particles, called bosons, can form Bose-Einstein condensates. The other type of particle- Fermions- can only have at most one particle in each state.

Plasmas tend to form at high temperature, since electrons then come off atoms leaving charged ions. Bose condensates form at low temperature, since at high temperatures more states are available to the atoms.

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