Experts musicologists believe that Beethoven wrote his last piano sonata in 1824, three years before his death. However, the manuscript of a piano sonata was recently discovered that bears Beethoven's name and dates from 1825. Clearly, the experts are mistaken because, not every piece that Beethoven wrote was catalogued in his lifetime, and it is known that Beethoven continued to compose until just weeks before his death.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms ?

That either of two things could have occurred independently is taken to show that those two things could not have occurred simultaneously.

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An inconsistency that, as presented, has more than one possible resolution is treated as though only one resolution is possible.

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Establishing that a certain event occurred is confused with having established the cause of that event.

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A claim that has a very general application is based entirely on evidence form a narrowly restricted range of cases.

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Solution

The correct option is B An inconsistency that, as presented, has more than one possible resolution is treated as though only one resolution is possible.
An inconsistency that ,as presented has more than one possible resolution is treated as trough only one resolution is possible.

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In recent years the early music movement, which advocates performing a work as it was performed at the time of its composition, has taken on the character of a crusade, particularly as it has moved beyond the sphere of medieval and baroque music and into music from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by composers such as Mozart and Beethoven. Granted, knowledge about the experience of playing old music on now-obsolete instruments has been of inestimable value to scholars. Nevertheless, the early music approach to performance raises profound and troubling questions.
Early music advocates assume that composers write only for the instruments available to them, but evidence suggests that composers of Beethoven’s stature imagined extraordinarily high and low notes as part of their compositions, even when they recognized that such notes could not be played on instruments available at the time. In the score of Beethoven’s first piano concerto, there is a “wrong” note, a high F-natural where the melody obviously calls for a high F-sharp, but pianos did not have this high, an F-sharp when Beethoven composed the concerto. Because Beethoven once expressed a desire to revise his early works to exploit the extended range of pianos that became available to him some years later, it seems likely that he would have played the F-sharp if given the opportunity. To use a piano exactly contemporary with the work’s composition would require playing a note that was probably frustrating for Beethoven himself to have had to play.
In addition, early music advocates often inadvertently divorce music pandits performance from the life of which they were, and are, a part. The discovery that Haydn’s and Mozart’s symphonies were conducted during their lifetimes by a pianist who played the chords to keep the orchestra together has given rise to early music recordings in which a piano can be heard obtrusively in the foreground, despite evidence indicating that the orchestral piano was virtually inaudible to audiences at eighteenth-century concerts and was dropped as musically unnecessary when a better way to beat time was found. And although in the early nineteenth century the first three movements (sections) of Mozart’s and Beethoven’s symphonies were often played faster, and the last movement slower than today, this difference can readily be explained by the fact that at that time audiences applauded at the end of each movement, rather than withholding applause until the end of the entire work. As a result, musicians were not forced into extra brilliance in the finale in order to generate applause, as they are now. To restore the original tempo of these symphonies represents an irrational denial of the fact that our concepts of musical intensity and excitement have quite simply, changed.

The author suggests that the final movements of symphonies by Mozart and Beethoven might be played more slowly by today’s orchestras if which one of the following were to occur?

Q. "It has been thought a considerable advance towards establishing the principles of Freedom to say that Government is a compact between those who govern and those who are governed; but this cannot be true, because it is putting the effect before the cause; for as man must have existed before governments existed, there necessarily was a time when governments did not exist, and consequently there could originally exist no governors to form such a compact with. The fact, therefore, must be that the individuals, themselves, each, in his own personal and sovereign right, entered into a compact with each other to produce a government: and this is the only mode in which governments have a right to arise, and the only principle on which they have a right to exist."
The text above was part of a pamphlet written in support of which of the following?

Q. Srini wrote his class 10th board examination this year. When the result was out, he searched for his hall ticket to see his roll number, but could not trace it. He could remember only the first three digits of the six-digit number as 267. However, his father remembered that the number was divisible by 11. His mother gave the information that the number was also divisible by 13. They tried to recollect the number when all of a sudden Srini told that the number was a multiple of 7. What was the units digit of the number?

Read the following passage and answer the (two) items that follow:
A book is written, not to multiply the voice merely, not to carry it merely but to perpetuate it. The author has something to say which he perceives to be true and useful or helpfully beautiful. So far he knows no one has said it, so far as he knows no one else can say it. He is bound to say it clearly and melodiously if he may; clearly at all events. In the sum of his life, he finds this to be the thing or group of things, manifest him; this the piece of true knowledge or sight, which his share or sunshine and earth has permitted him to seize. That is a book.

The opening sentence of the passage implies that the aim of writing a book is to-

The events when we have no reason to believe that one is more likely to occur than the other is called:

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The correct option is B An inconsistency that, as presented, has more than one possible resolution is treated as though only one resolution is possible.An inconsistency that ,as presented has more than one possible resolution is treated as trough only one resolution is possible.

The correct option is B An inconsistency that, as presented, has more than one possible resolution is treated as though only one resolution is possible.
An inconsistency that ,as presented has more than one possible resolution is treated as trough only one resolution is possible.