1
Question
Explain :
(a) Clemmensen reduction (b) Williamson's Synthesis
(a) Clemmensen reduction (b) Williamson's Synthesis
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Solution
(a) Clemmensen reduction:
Carbonyl compounds that are not acid sensitive are reduced to hydrocarbons by treatment with Zn/Hg and conc HCl. Thus, carbonyl group is reduced to methylene group. For example, acetone is reduced to propane.
CH3−C||O−CH3Zn/Hg−−−−−−→ conc. HClCH3−CH2−CH3
(b) Williamson synthesis:
It is used for the preparation of simple as well as mixed ethers. Alkyl halide is heated with alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxide to form corresponding ethers.
R−ONa+X−RΔ−→R−O−R′+NaX
Thus, methyl iodide, on heating with alcoholic sodium methoxide forms dimethyl ether.
CH3−ONa+X−CH3Δ−→CH3−O−CH3+NaI
Carbonyl compounds that are not acid sensitive are reduced to hydrocarbons by treatment with Zn/Hg and conc HCl. Thus, carbonyl group is reduced to methylene group. For example, acetone is reduced to propane.
CH3−C||O−CH3Zn/Hg−−−−−−→ conc. HClCH3−CH2−CH3
(b) Williamson synthesis:
It is used for the preparation of simple as well as mixed ethers. Alkyl halide is heated with alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxide to form corresponding ethers.
R−ONa+X−RΔ−→R−O−R′+NaX
Thus, methyl iodide, on heating with alcoholic sodium methoxide forms dimethyl ether.
CH3−ONa+X−CH3Δ−→CH3−O−CH3+NaI
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