Question

Explain about earthing in detail.

Answer 1

In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors relative to the Earth's conductive surface. The choice of earthing system can affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply.

A solid copper grounding rod, also called grounding electrode, driven into the soil outside of the house and connected to the main electrical panel by a single earth-grounding wire is the primary method of earthing modern household electrical systems. Since electricity follows the path of least resistance, an appropriately earthed electrical system discharges harmful power surges to the soil safely.

The system also protects electrical devices, such as home appliances, machinery and power tools, via a three-wire power plug. The extra wire, the grounding wire, is connected to the device's circuit protection system and harmlessly carries electrical surge away to prevent electrocution of users. On some appliances, a grounding wire must be fastened to metal water pipes to prevent electrical shocks.