Question

Explain any three steps taken to control crime in London in the 1870s.
Or
What were the main sources of attraction for Europeans to come to Africa in the late 19th century? How did they exploit their resources?
Or
What were the restrictions imposed upon the Indian merchants to benefit European trader in the 19th century?

Answer 1

The time steps taken to control the crime in London in 1870s were as follows
(i) The criminals were counted, their activities were watched and ways of life were investigated.
(ii) To discipline the criminals, the authorities imposed high penalties for crime,
(iii) Works were offered to those who were considered the deserving poor.
Or
The main sources of attractions for Europeans to come to Africa in the late 19th century were as follows
(i) Europeans were attracted to Africa due to its vast resources to land and minerals.
(ii) Europeans came to Africa hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals for export to Europe.
(iii) Inheritance laws were changed so that peasants were displaced from land. Only one member of a family was allowed to inherit land, as a result of which the others were pushed into the labour market. Europeans divided different regions of Africa among themselves.
Or
As the British Goverment established political power, it asserted a few restrictions upon Indian merchants to trade in frocks to benefit European traders. These restrictions were as follows
(i) The British Government developed a system of management and control that would eliminate competition and restrict the space within which Indian merchants could function.
(ii) Indian merchants were barred from trading with Europe in manufactured goods.
(iii) Indian merchants had to export mostly raw materials like raw cotton, opium, wheat and indigo required by the British. They were also gradually edged out of the shipping business.