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Question

Explain by drawing a geometric diagram, how a sodium atom forms a sodium ion


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Solution

Understanding the concept:

  • Sodium is an element with the atomic number 16, belonging to group 16 and period 3.
  • Its represented by the symbol S.

The explanation of sodium atom and its ion:

  • The electrons are sub atoms of an atom that participates in bond formation, these are present in fixed shells.
  • There are 11 protons in the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by 11 electrons with a single, highly unstable electron in the outer shell (ring).
  • This electron participates in the bond formation of a chemical bond by losing it, resulting in the formation of an ion(cation).
  • Example: The outer shell of a sodium atom has one electron.
  • The outer shell of a chlorine atom has seven electrons.
  • A chlorine atom steals an electron from a sodium atom.
  • The sodium atom becomes a sodium ion, which is a positive ion.
  • The combination of sodium and chloride ions results in the formation of the ionic compound sodium chloride.

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