The principle of physics states that the energy of interacting bodies or particles in a closed system remains constant.
Kinetic energy, or energy of motion, was the first type of energy to be identified.
The sum of the kinetic energy of the particles before the collision equals the sum of the kinetic energy of the particles after collision in certain particle collisions known as elastic collisions.
The concept of energy was gradually broadened to include other forms.
The kinetic energy lost by a body slowing down as it travels upward against gravity was thought to be converted into potential energy, or stored energy, which is then converted back into kinetic energy as the body accelerates during its return to Earth.
When a pendulum swings upward, for example, kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.