Question

Explain the deformation of solids.

Answer 1

Deformation of solids:

• It has been observed that an external force acting on an equilibrium body is countered by internal forces created inside the substance.
• Therefore, if a bar is subjected to a uniform tension or compression, also known as a direct force, that is evenly distributed across the cross-section, the internal forces created are also distributed uniformly, and the bar is said to be under a uniform direct or normal stress, with the stress being defined stress, $\mathrm{\sigma }=\frac{\mathrm{Load}}{\mathrm{Area}}=\frac{\mathrm{P}}{\mathrm{A}}$.
• Thus, depending on the kind of the load, which is expressed in newtons per square meter (N/m2) or multiples thereof, stress sigma may be either tensile or compressive. The stress at each location is determined by the limiting value of $\frac{∆\mathrm{P}}{∆\mathrm{A}}$ since $∆\mathrm{A}$ goes to zero in some loading situations where the stress will vary over any particular segment.
• A material's shape-changing is referred to as deformation.
• Deformation must be connected to spatial variation or gradient of displacement as homogenous displacement of material locations does not result in deformation.
• As a result, a displacement gradient tensor serves as a description of deformation.
• But even though rigid body rotation has nothing to do with deformation, it is included in this displacement gradient.