Explain ETS.
Explain ETS.
ETS or Electron Transport System is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It helps in releasing and utilizing the energy stored in NADH+H+NADH+H^+ NADH+H+ and FADH2FADH_2FADH2. NADH+H+ NADH + H^+ NADH+H+, which is formed during glycolysis and citric acid cycle, gets oxidized by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). The electrons so generated get transferred to ubiquinone through FMN. In a similar manner, FADH2FADH_2FADH2 (complex II) generated during citric acid cycle gets transferred to ubiquinone. The electrons from ubiquinone are received by cytochrome bc1bc_1bc1 (complex III) and further get transferred to cytochrome c. The cytochrome c acts as a mobile carrier between complex III and cytochrome c oxidase complex, containing cytochrome a and a3, along with copper centres (complex IV). Cytochrome-a3 finally donates the electrons to free molecular oxygen and thus, oxygen acts as the last electron acceptor at the end of ETS. Oxygen also receives two protons from the aqueous medium and form one molecule of water.
During the transfer of electrons from each complex, the process is accompanied by the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the action ATP synthase (complex V). The amount of ATP produced depends on the molecule, which has been oxidized. 3 ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH. One molecule of FADH2 FADH_2FADH2, on oxidation, gives 2 ATP molecules.
ETS or Electron Transport System is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It helps in releasing and utilizing the energy stored in NADH+H+NADH+H^+ NADH+H+ and FADH2FADH_2FADH2. NADH+H+ NADH + H^+ NADH+H+, which is formed during glycolysis and citric acid cycle, gets oxidized by NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). The electrons so generated get transferred to ubiquinone through FMN. In a similar manner, FADH2FADH_2FADH2 (complex II) generated during citric acid cycle gets transferred to ubiquinone. The electrons from ubiquinone are received by cytochrome bc1bc_1bc1 (complex III) and further get transferred to cytochrome c. The cytochrome c acts as a mobile carrier between complex III and cytochrome c oxidase complex, containing cytochrome a and a3, along with copper centres (complex IV). Cytochrome-a3 finally donates the electrons to free molecular oxygen and thus, oxygen acts as the last electron acceptor at the end of ETS. Oxygen also receives two protons from the aqueous medium and form one molecule of water.
During the transfer of electrons from each complex, the process is accompanied by the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the action ATP synthase (complex V). The amount of ATP produced depends on the molecule, which has been oxidized. 3 ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH. One molecule of FADH2 FADH_2FADH2, on oxidation, gives 2 ATP molecules.
