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Electrophilic Substitution Reaction

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Question

Explain how does the −OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?

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Solution

The −OH group is an electron-donating group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the benzene ring as shown in the given resonance structure of phenol.

As a result, the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilic substitution.

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