Explain how energy is conserved in the case of an oscillating simple pendulum. Is there any similarity between the energy transformations in the oscillations of a pendulum and a roller coaster ride?

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Solution

For oscillating pendulum.
As it reaches its maximum height on one side, a pendulum changes kinetic energy (which is generated owing to momentum) into potential energy, which is then transferred back to kinetic energy by gravitational force.
Unless an imbalanced force acts on the pendulum, it will continue to swing.
The principle behind a rollercoaster ride is similar.
It gains potential energy at highest point and change to kinetic energy when going down.

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